Fire hydrants are critical components of a community's fire protection system, providing firefighters with immediate access to water during emergencies. Hydrant maintenance requires pressure testing and flushing, as outlined by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
Testing and Flushing Preserves Water Flow
Regular fire hydrant testing ensures acceptable water pressure and flow rates for public health and firefighting operations. Most jurisdictions also require hydrant flow tests when designing fire sprinkler systems for commercial or residential structures.
Pressure Testing
The 2022 edition of NFPA 291 recommends that fire hydrants maintain a residual pressure of 20 psi (pounds per square inch) for effective firefighting. Sustained pressure at this level also helps prevent backflow that could contaminate the public water supply.
Performed by city officials or professional contractors, fire hydrant testing verifies the performance of a city’s water distribution system. Testers use a fire hydrant flow and pressure kit to measure the static (non-flowing) and residual (flowing) pressure of the hydrant. A pilot gauge then reads the hydrant’s rate of discharge in gallons per minute (GPM).
The data collected serves two important purposes:
- Uncovering issues: Closed valves, heavy pipe-wall deposits, or other water distribution problems can reduce flow rates. Identifying these issues early allows for timely repairs.
- Designing fire sprinkler systems: Accurate water supply pressure and flow readings are crucial for properly designing fire sprinkler systems.
Fire Hydrant Flushing
In addition to pressure testing, it is also important to periodically flush fire hydrants. Sediment and debris can accumulate inside fire hydrants and water mains, reducing water flow and potentially hindering firefighting efforts. Fire hydrant flushing removes this buildup, ensuring a clear and consistent water supply for emergency use.
Flushing also helps identify structural problems, such as leaks, mechanical failures, or blockages, allowing for timely repairs before they become major issues.
According to NFPA 291, hydrants should be tested and flushed every five years to ensure proper function.
Fire Hydrant Inspection Checklist
Pressure testing and flushing are two parts of regular hydrant maintenance. To prolong the lifespan of your hydrants, follow these steps during an inspection:
- Visual inspection: Check for physical damage, rust, leaks, and proper valve operation.
- Pressure testing:
- Measure static pressure (hydrant not flowing).
- Measure residual pressure (hydrant flowing).
- Record discharge rate in gallons per minute (GPM).
- Flushing:
- Open hydrant fully to flush out sediment and debris.
- Ensure water runs clear before closing the hydrant.
- Lubrication:
- Lubricate operating nuts and other moving parts to ensure smooth operation.
- Cap replacement:
- Make sure caps are in place and secure after testing.
- Leak check:
- After flushing, check for any leaks around the hydrant and connections.
- Documentation:
- Record for public record all findings, pressures, flow rates, and any issues identified during the inspection.
Brothers Fire & Security is dedicated to ensuring the safety and reliability of fire protection systems in the greater Twin Cities Area. Our commitment to quality and adherence to NFPA standards means you can trust us with the fire protection system in your residential or commercial building.
Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help keep your building and community safe.
